New holographic technique could be used for indirect medical imaging and more
According
to a new study, scientists may create holograms of goods without ever directly
collecting any light from those objects using a new quantum-mechanical holography
technique. This groundbreaking and unexpected discovery could already have
biomedical implications.
A hologram
is an image that, when lighted, appears to be a two-dimensional window peering
into a three-dimensional scene. Holograms are created in traditional holography
by scanning an object with a laser beam and encoding the data into a recording medium
such as a film or plate.
Beyond
visual displays, holography has a wide range of applications. Holograms, for
example, have been dubbed a "progressive revolution in medicine" for
its ability to aid in the reconstruction of an object's 3D shape and structure,
with applications in orthopaedics, neurology, and other professions.
The light
sensors used in holography, on the other hand, function best with visible
wavelengths. According to research senior author Markus Gräfe, a physicist at
the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering in Jena,
Germany, many biomedical applications for holography might benefit from using
midinfrared light, which is more difficult to detect.
Gräfe and
his colleagues have now discovered a way to produce holograms of goods without
ever sensing any light from them, thanks to the strange nature of quantum
physics.
“The light that illuminates the object is never detected,” Gräfe says. “The light that is detected never interacted with the object.”
The fact
that the universe becomes a fuzzy place at its most fundamental levels is a
significant characteristic of quantum physics. Atoms and other cosmic building
elements, for example, can exist in states of flux known as
"superpositions," which means they can be in two or more places at
the same time.
Entanglement
is a result of quantum physics, in which several particles are linked and can
influence one other instantly regardless of their distance. Shining a beam of
light upon a specific "nonlinear crystal" that can split each photon
into two lower-energy, longer-wavelength photons is one approach to make
entangled photons (These resulting pairs are not necessarily both the same
wavelength.)
The fact
that the universe becomes a fuzzy place at its most fundamental levels is a
significant characteristic of quantum physics. Atoms and other cosmic building
elements, for example, can exist in states of flux known as
"superpositions," which means they can be in two or more places at
the same time.
Entanglement
is a result of quantum physics, in which several particles are linked and can
influence one other instantly regardless of their distance. Shining a beam of
light upon a specific "nonlinear crystal" that can split each photon
into two lower-energy, longer-wavelength photons is one approach to make
entangled photons (These resulting pairs are not necessarily both the same
wavelength.)
This new
"quantum holography" technology might employ a midinfrared beam to
scan an item while the partner visible light beam (which can subsequently be
detected by conventional visible-light sensors) generates the hologram by
tampering with the way nonlinear crystals and other components affect light.
Gräfe claims that "we can even get up to video-rate imagery." "The next stages are to improve performance and construct a scanning microscopic system for biomedical imaging using midinfrared microscopy and visible light."
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