The greatest three-dimensional map of the Milky Way has been developed by an international team of scientists, and the results have been published in the journal Science.
Our planet
isn't flat, and guess what? Neither is our galaxy. |
Researchers created a 3D map that shows the S-shaped
structure of the Milky Way galaxy's combined star disc, our cosmic address, by
calculating the distance from our Sun to hundreds of pulsating stars spread
around our galaxy.
“Our map shows that the Milky Way disk is not flat. Instead,
it is deformed and twisted in shape,” revealed study co-author Przemek Mróz of
the University of Warsaw in Poland.“This is the first time we can use
individual objects to display it in three dimensions,” he added.
Much of our present understanding of the spiral shape and
structure of our galaxy is based on indirect observations of celestial objects
and conclusions based on other distant galaxies in the Universe.
However, as scientists have discovered, the galactic map
provided by these restricted observations is insufficient.
The classical Cepheids (giant stars that burn hundreds, if
not thousands, of times brighter than our Sun) pulse frequently and are visible
through the huge interstellar dust clouds that often cover less luminous
interstellar objects, much like numerous distant lighthouses.
Distances
to these stars may be estimated precisely owing to periodic fluctuations in
brightness.
Dorota
Skowron of Warsaw University, in collaboration with scientists from Ohio State
University in the United States and the University of Warwick in the United
Kingdom, traced the distance to over 2,400 cepheids along the Milky Way, the
majority of which were discovered by the Optical Gravitational Lensing
Experiment (OGLE), a project that helped double the number of known galactic
classical cepheids.
The
researchers were able to create an extremely precise three-dimensional model of
the Milky Way by assigning coordinates to each distant pulsing star in
reference to our Sun.
As a
consequence, a beautiful, never-before-seen map of the Milky Way Galaxy has
been created.
The
findings of the study have helped astronomers better grasp our cosmic
surroundings and precisely depict the form of the galaxy.
And it's
not flat, but it does have an unusual form.
“this new map helped reveal more details on distortions that
astronomers had “previously detected in the shape of the Milky Way.”
The map
took scientists six years to create, but as participating astronomers
disclosed, "it was worth it."
At a
distance of almost 25,000 light-years from the galactic core, we discovered
that the galaxy's disc is not flat. It's twisted. This bending might have been
generated by interactions between the galaxy and nearby galaxies, intergalactic
gas, or even dark matter.
“Warping of
the galactic disk has been detected before, but this is the first time we can
use individual objects to trace its shape in three dimensions,” explained Mróz
in a statement.
The
quantity of 'warping' observed in our galaxy was shockingly pronounced,
according to the researchers.
“It is not some statistical fact available only to a scientist’s understanding,” Mróz said. “It is apparent by eye.”
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