Theoretical
physicists from the University of Exeter (United Kingdom) and the University of
Zaragoza (Spain), have developed a quantum theory defining how to engineer
non-reciprocal flows of quantum light and matter. The study may be important
for the creation of quantum technologies which need the directional transfer of
energy and information at small scales.
Reciprocity,
going the same way backward as forward, is a ubiquitous theory in physics. A well-known
example may be found in Newton's Law: for every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction. The breakdown of such a powerful idea as reciprocity in any
area of physics, from mechanics to optics to electromagnetism, is usually related
with surprises which can be exploited for technological application. For
example, a nonreciprocal electric diode allows current to pass in forwards but
not backwards and forms a building block of the microelectronics industry.
In their
latest study, Downing and Zueco provide a quantum theory of non-reciprocal
transport around a triangular bunch of strongly interacting quantum objects. Motivated
by the physics of quantum rings, they show that by engineering an artificial
magnetic field one may adjust the direction of the energy flow around the
cluster. The concept accounts for strong particle interactions, such that
directionality seems at a swathe of energies, and considers the pernicious
effect of dissipation for the development of non-reciprocal quantum currents.
The study
may be useful in the development of quantum devices requiring effective,
directional transportation, as well for further studies of strongly interacting
quantum stages, synthetic magnetic fields and quantum simulators.
Charles Downing from the University of Exeter clarifies: "Our calculations offer insight into how one may instigate directional transport in locked nanoscopic lattices of atoms and photons with strong interactions, which may lead to the improvement of novel devices of a highly directional character".
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